Febre amarela no Brasil e no mundo: um problema persistente

Abstract

Yellow Fever (YF) is a serious infectious disease caused by an arbovirus and transmitted by Haemagogus mosquitoes in a rural environment and Aedes aegypti in a urban environment. The most common symptoms are fever, chills, headache, myalgia and nausea. Some patients even develop a severe form, which can occur with hepatic and renal insufficiency. From 2014, YF became endemic in extra-Amazonian areas, becoming a serious public health issue. Therefore, vaccination against YF is essential for its control in Brazil, becoming the most effective measure, with immunogenicity above 95%. Regarding safety, most adverse events following vaccination are local, being serious adverse events, such as postvaccinal encephalitis, mainly reported in elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. The vaccine is an attenuated live virus form and is produced in embryonated chicken eggs. For this reason, caution is advised to these individuals, as well as to those that present a previous history of anaphylactic reaction in response to the egg. Nevertheless, although measures were adopted to combat YF, they were not enough to completely eliminate the virus.