Apoio e rede social de famílias de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência

Abstract

Violence against children and adolescents is considered a serious public health problem because, in addition to causing illness, it causes negative changes to the victims and their families, and social support is a strategy to cope with the phenomenon.The goal was knowing the perception of the network and the social support of families of children and adolescents victims of violence; to characterize the profile and environment of this violence; in addition to analyze an educational intervention carried out in schools and Family Health Strategy Units (FHS) that serve these families.This is a cross-sectional, exploratory research with a quantitative approach, performed in a medium-sized Minas Gerais city, with 100% coverage by the FHS. Data from the epidemiological notification sheets made up the profile of violence. A questionnaire was used to consult participants' perceptions about the city and the MOS- SSS scale to measure the social support perceived by the families. For the educational practice a field diary was used. Was observed a predominance of female victims (68,9%), self-reported white skin (44,3%) who didn´t have deficiencies or disorders (89,3%). Physical violence (40,87%), beating (28,7%) was more frequent. About the cases of rape (43,75%), they received care through the public health network. Respecting to the aggressor, male (68,85%), adult (35,24%), known to the victims (63,16%) and no previous use of alcoholic beverages (64,75%) predominated. As for the social network of families, it was shown that it is composed of up to three people (68%) and the main perceived support was affective (90,80%), followed by information (80,80%). In general, the interviewees di n´t participate in collective activities (sports, social, religious), but were satisfied with the city (88,0%) and suggested improvements in health (48,15%) and safety (22,23%). The educational practice carried out with health and education professionals has provided space for reflection and dialogue on violence and the protective role they play; recognized as an important point of social support by families. It is concluded that in affective relationships, affection did not prevent violence, but it appeared as the element that is resisting it and keeping the families constituted. Suggestions for improving the city subsidize a city to be healthy and peaceful, but supported by health promotion interventions.