Fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais associados ao excesso de peso de adolescentes em municípios do estado de São Paulo

Abstract

Owing to the high prevalence in all age groups, obesity is considered worldwide epidemic causing high costs to the economy. The obesity in adolescent cause early health problems, increasing the chance of remaining obese into adulthood. The objective of this study was to identify through multivariate analysis by Cluster of municipalities association of overweight adolescents and the socioeconomic and environmental variables in municipalities of State of São Paulo. This is an ecological study, retrospective analytical descriptive using the body mass index (BMI) of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance (SISVAN) and the socioeconomic and environmental variables of the Human Development Atlas in Brazil (Atlas Brazil) of 87 municipalities in the State of São Paulo in 2010, with all data access and public consultation. We conducted multivariate analysis Cluster by hierarchical method using STATISTICA 8.0 software. Among the municipalities analyzed 23.91% of treated adolescents were overweight, was no correlation (p <0.05) of overweight frequency in adolescents with variables: per capita income; municipal human development index (IDHM); percentage of population living in households with toilet and water, percentage of population living in households with garbage collection and percentage of the population in households with higher density than two residents per bedroom, with the latter variable was negatively correlated with the overweight frequency in adolescents. The results of the multivariate analysis Cluster presented four groupings of municipalities, which stood out the group 2, with high prevalence of overweight and lower density of residents per bedroom. And the fourth group, this group stood out for its low prevalence of excess adolescents and high density of residents per bedroom. The data showed antagonistic values in both groups demonstrating that the prevalence of overweight among adolescents in the State of São Paulo is higher in municipalities with high socioeconomic status.